when Stanley carries Zero up God's Thumb and breaks the curse. This is the backdrop against which readers can evaluate future events of the novel, e.g. One example of learning about the present from a flashback is when readers learn of the story of how Stanley's family became cursed, in Chapter 7. Both of these interwoven narratives are crucial to the understanding of the present, and the chronology of the récit - not the order of the events themselves, but the order in which they are told to readers - is manipulated by the narrator in order to give insight on various present-day events, either before they happen or after they occur. While the present-day narrative has a relatively straightforward and linear chronology, this forward-marching story is broken up by other stories: in particular, Green Lake at the turn of the century and 19th-century Lithuania. What is the importance of narrative chronology in Holes?
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